Summary of Violations

Israel’s blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza violates the following international and customary laws:

1. Fourth Geneva Convention:

   • Article 55: Failure to ensure food and medical supplies for the occupied population.
   • Article 59: Failure to facilitate humanitarian aid.
   • Article 33: Engaging in collective punishment, a war crime.

2. Additional Protocol I (Customary Law):

   • Article 54: Using starvation as a method of warfare.
   • Article 70: Blocking humanitarian relief actions.

3. Customary IHL:

   • Rule 55: Denying access to humanitarian aid.
   • Rule 53: Using starvation as a method of warfare.
   • Rule 103: Imposing collective punishment.

4. Obligations as an Occupying Power:

   • Failure to ensure basic needs and facilitate aid, as required by the Geneva Conventions.
   • Contributing to the unlawful nature of its occupation (per the ICJ’s 2024 ruling).

5. UN Security Council Demands:

   • Non-compliance with calls to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.